Introduction
Our knowledge of the world around us is constantly changing, there are a few basic principles of biology that should hopefully remain useful for many years to come. Most biological study is built on the foundations of five universally recognized truths. These are:
1. cells are the basic unit of life.
2. Genes are the basic units for passing traits from parent to offspring.
3. Evolution by natural selection is the process that has led to the great diversity of species on Earth.
4. Living things maintain the environment within their cells and bodies.
5. Living things have the ability to acquire and transform energy.
Biology Facts
| Human Facts | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Length of Alimentary Canal Approximately | 8 metres |
| BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) | 1600 K. Cal / day. |
| Number of Cells in Body | 75 trillion |
| Longest Bone | Femur (Thigh bone) |
| Weight of Brain | 1400 gms |
| Blood Volume | 6.8 litres (in 70 kg body) |
| Normal B.P | 120 / 80 mm Hg |
| Number of R.B.C | (a) In Male : 4.5 – 5.0 million / cubicmm. (b) In Female : 4.0 – 4.5 million / cubic mm |
| Life Span of R.B.C | 120 days |
| Normal W.B.C Count | 5000 – 1000 / cubic mm |
| Life Span of W.B.C | 3 – 4 days |
| L.C. (Differential Leucocyte Count): (a) Basophils (b) Eosinophils (c) Monocytes (d)Neutrophils (e) Lymphocytes | percentage 0.5 – 1% 1 – 3% 3 – 8% 40 – 70% 2 – 25% |
| Blood Platelets Count | 2,00,000 – 4,00,000 / cubic mm |
| Haemoglobin (a) In Male blood(b)In Female | 14 – 15.6 gm / 100 c.c. of 11 – 14 gm / 100 c.c. of blood |
| Hb Content in Body | 500 – 700 gm |
| Universal Blood Donor | O Rh -ve |
| Universal Blood Recipient | AB |
| Blood Clotting Time | 2 – 5 minutes |
| Average Body Weight | 70 kg |
| Normal Body Temperature | 98.4° F or 37° C |
| Breathing Rate | 16 – 20 / minute |
| Dental Formula Adult Child | 2123 / 2123 = 32 22 Milk Teeth |
| Largest Endocrine Gland | Thyroid |
| Gestation Period 9 months | (253 – 266 days) |
| Normal Heart Beat | 72 – 75 / minute |
| Largest Gland | Liver |
| Largest Muscle in the Body | Gluteus maximus (Buttock Muscle) |
| Largest Artery | Abdominal Aorta |
| Largest Vein | Inferior Venacava |
| Largest W.B.C | Monocyte |
| Smallest W.B.C | Lymphocyte |
| Longest Nerve | Sciatic |
| Longest Cell | Neuron (Nerve Cell) |
| Menstrual Cycle | 28 days |
| Menopause Age | 45 – 50 Years |
| Minimum Distance for proper vision | 25 cm |
| Pulse Rate | 72 / minute. |
| Normal Sperm Count | 200 – 350 million / ejaculation. |
| FSR (normal Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate) | 4 – 10 min / hr |
| pH of Gastric Juice | 1.4 |
| pH of Urine | 6.0 |
| pH of Blood | 35 – 7.45 |
| pH of Bile | 7.5 |
| pH of Pancreatic Juice | 8.5 |
| Total Number of Muscles in the Body | 639 |
| Total Number of Bones in the Body | 206 |
| Largest Organ of Human Body | Skin |