Reading Comprehensions Since the late nineteenth century, fingerprint identification methods have been used by police agencies around the world to identify suspected criminals as well as the victims of crime. The basis of the traditional fingerprinting technique is simple. The skin on the palmar surface of the hands and feet forms ridges, so-called papillary ridges, in patterns that are unique to each individual and which do not change over time. Even identical twins (who share their DNA) do not have identical fingerprints. The best way to render latent fingerprints visible, so that they can be photographed, can be complex and may depend, for example, on the type of surfaces on which they have been left. It is generally necessary to use a ‘developer’, usually a powder or chemical reagent, to produce a high degree of visual contrast between the ridge patterns and the surface on which a fingerprint has been deposited.
Developing agents depend on the presence of organic materials or inorganic salts for their effectiveness, although the water deposited may also take a key role. Fingerprints are typically formed from the aqueous-based secretions of the eccrine glands of the fingers and palms with additional material from sebaceous glands primarily from the forehead. This latter contamination results from the common human behaviors of touching the face and hair. The resulting latent fingerprints consist usually of a substantial proportion of water with small traces of amino acids and chlorides mixed with a fatty, sebaceous component that contains a number of fatty acids and triglycerides. Detection of a small proportion of reactive organic substances such as urea and amino acids is far from easy.
Fingerprints at a crime scene may be detected by simple powders, or by chemicals applied in situ. More complex techniques, usually involving chemicals, can be applied in specialist laboratories to appropriate articles removed from a crime scene. With advances in these more sophisticated techniques, some of the more advanced crime scene investigation services from around the world were, as of 2010, reporting that 50% or more of the fingerprints recovered from a crime scene had been identified as a result of laboratory-based techniques.
Questions
1. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. In Situ Powder Use in Crime Scene Investigations B. How to Identify a Criminal C. Amino Acids in Fingerprint Detection D. Fingerprint Composition and Detection Answer: Option D
2. According to the article, amino acids and chlorides in fingerprints originate from the i. sebaceous glands ii. eccrine glands iii. papillary ridges A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II only Answer: Option B
3. According to the passage, powders to detect fingerprints are most likely to be used. A. Instead of reactive organic substances B. At the crime scene C. In laboratories D. To detect triglycerides Answer: Option B
4. According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT A. Fingerprints identify the victims of crime B. Fingerprint patterns may become distorted by sebaceous contamination C. Identical twins have different fingerprints D. Investigators want to make fingerprints visible so they can be photographed. Answer: Option B
Cloze test Below, a passage is given with five blanks labelled (A)-(E). Below the passage, four options are given for each blank. Choose the word that fits each blank most appropriately in the context of the passage, and mark the corresponding answer.
How to express your ideas so that the reader will understand? It’s good to write as if you were having a (A) __________ with the reader. Use complete sentences and liven up your text with (B) __________. A good practice is to raise questions and (C) __________ upon the topic from different perspectives. The benefits of good preparation will become apparent at this stage at the latest. Remember that if you try to collect information and think about the style and content at the same time, it is very (D) __________ that you will not succeed with either the style or the content. It will be difficult to get a proper flow, with the text proceeding smoothly from start to finish. Sometimes it’s best to start from the easiest or most (E) __________ part, and then work through the more difficult parts at a later stage.
1. Which of the following words most appropriately fits the blank labelled (A)? A. Argument B. Chat C. Talk D. Conversation E. Discussion Answer: Option D
2. Which of the following words most appropriately fits the blank labelled (B)? A. Idioms B. Quotes C. Phrases D. Notations E. Examples Answer: Option E
3. Which of the following words most appropriately fits the blank labelled (C)? A. Examine B. Explanation C. Illuminate D. Highlight E. Views Answer: Option C
4. Which of the following words most appropriately fits the blank labelled (D)? A. Unlikely B. Probable C. Pertinent D. Necessary E. Impossible Answer: Option B
5. Which of the following words most appropriately fits the blank labelled (E)? A. Crucial B. Difficult C. Important D. Defining E. Central Answer: Option A
Spotting Errors Directions to Solve: Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error, if any will be in one part of the sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is 'D'. (Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any).
Solve as per the direction given above. A. We discussed about the problem so thoroughly B. On the eve of the examination C. That I found it very easy to work it out. D. No error. Answer: Option A
Para jumbles

1.1971 war changed the political geography of the subcontinent 2.Despite the significance of the event. There has been no serious book about the conflict 3.Surrender at Dacca aims to fill this gap 4.It also profoundly altered the geo-strategic situation in South-East Asia

A. 1324 B. 3142 C. 2143 D. 1423 Answer: Option D
Para Completion I am sometimes attacked for imposing `rules’. Nothing could be further from the truth: I hate rules. All I do is report on how consumers react to different stimuli. I may say to a copywriter, “Research shows that commercials with celebrities are below average in persuading people to buy products. Are you sure you want to use a celebrity?” Call that a rule? Or I may say to an art director, “Research suggests that if you set the copy in black type on a white background, more people will read it than if you set it in white type on a black background.”
A. Guidance based on applied research can hardly qualify as `rules’. B. Thus, all my so called `rules’ are rooted in applied research. C. A suggestion perhaps, but scarcely a rule. D. Such principles are unavoidable if one wants to be systematic about consumer behavior. E. Fundamentally it is about consumer behavior – not about celebrities or type settings. Answer: Option C
The last sentence should talk about the statement that the author made to the art director. According to the author, the statement is not a rule. So, option A and C are applicable. Between these two, option C is better because it specifically talks about this statement and not about “rules” in general. So, C is the best concluding sentence.
Sentence Connector Directions: Select the phrase/connector from the given three options which can be used in the beginning (to start the sentence) to form a single sentence from the two sentences given below, implying the same meaning as expressed in the statement sentences.
He set traps every night. He cleared his house of rats.

(i) Clearing his…. (ii) By setting….. (iii) Out of rats….

A) Only (i) B) Only (ii) C) Only (iii) D) Both (i) and (ii) E) None of the above Answer: Option B
Double fillers Directions each questions has 5 parts labeled (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e). Read each sentence to find out which on can be filled and indicate your answer in the answer sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c) or (d) or (e).
While the technology and state of knowledge in medicine allows the gadgets to _________ data and give recommendation, it will be a while before we are ready to __________ doctors for serious illnesses. A. Estimate, credit B. Evaluate, credence C. Analyse, trust D. Describe, distrust E. Figure out, confidence Answer: Option C
Sentence Correction Directions: Which of phrases given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold type to make the grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is, mark 'E' as the answer.
The small child does whatever his father was done. A. has done B. did C. does D. had done E. No correction required Answer: Option C
Idioms and Phrases Some proverbs/idioms are given below together with their meanings. Choose the correct meaning of proverb/idiom, if there is no correct meaning given, E (i.e.) 'None of these' will be the answer.
To make clean breast of A. To gain prominence B. To praise oneself C. To confess without of reserve D. To destroy before it blooms E. None of these Answer: Option C

1. One morning after sunrise, Gopal was standing facing a pole. The Shadow of the pole fell exactly to his right. Which direction was he facing? A. South B. East C. West D. Data inadequate Answer: Option A
2. The cricket ball is heavier than the hockey ball and volleyball is lighter than the football. Hockey ball is heavier than the football and tennis ball. Which of the following is the heaving ball? A. Hockey ball B. Cricket ball C. Volleyball D. Football Answer: Option B
3. Directions: In each of the following questions find which one word cannot be formed from the letters of the given words using each letter only once.
COMMENTATOR A. TART B. COMMON C. MOMENT D. COSMOS Answer: Option D
4. If Neena says, ‘’Anita’s father Raman is the only son of my father-in-law Mahipal’’, then how is Bindu, who is the sister of Anita, related to Mahipal? A. Niece B. Daughter C. Wife D. None of these Answer: Option D
5. Find out the Alphabet series
UV,QR,MN,IJ, ? A. GH B. CD C. EF D. AB Answer: Option C

1. Find the missing term in each of the following series. 2, 9, 28, 65, 126, …. A. 195 B. 199 C. 208 D. 217 Answer: Option D
2. How many numbers between 400 and 500 are exactly divisible by 12, 15 and 20 ? A. One B. Two C. Three D. None of these Answer: Option B
3. A cricket team won 40% of the total number of matches it played during a year. If it lost 50% of the matches played and 20 matches were drawn, the total number of matches played by the team during the year was A. 200 B. 100 C. 50 D. 40 Answer: Option C
4. Profit earned by selling an article for Rs 1060 is 20% more than the loss incurred by selling the article for Rs 950. At what price should the article be sold to earn 20% profit? A. Rs 1000 B. Rs 1150 C. Rs 1250 D. Rs 1200 Answer: Option D
5. Pravat covers a distance in 40 min if he drives at a speed of 60 km/h on an average. Find the speed at which he must drive at to reduce the time of the journey by 25 %. A. 60 km/h B. 70 km/h C. 75 km/h D. 80 km/h Answer: Option B

1. The major combustible component of gobar (cow-dung) gas is A. Methane B. Carbon dioxide C. Hydrogen D. Propane Answer: Option A
2. Who painted the masterpiece ‘Hamsa Damyanti’? A. Ajolie Ela Menon B. Abanindranath Tagore C. Amrita Shergil D. Raja Ravi Varma Answer: Option D
3. Diamond is a A. Good conductor and soft B. Non-conductor and soft C. Non-conductor and hard D. Good conductor and hard Answer: Option C
4. Which among the following is the exclusive jurisdiction of the State Government? A. Corporation tax B. Customs Duty C. Sales tax D. Income tax Answer: Option C
5. Which one of the following theories of Communism is not a Doctrine of Karl Marx? A. Dialectical Materialism B. Historical Materialist C. Class Struggle D. Theory of New Democracy Answer: Option D