1. Statement: With less than three to go before the election of a president, the campaigns saw explosive revelation about Mr.Trump and Ms. Clinton. This included disturbing evidence of Mr. Trump boasting about groping women without their consent, allegations of such behavior and assault by at least nine women, and an avalanche of confidential emails of Ms.Clinton's campaign released by wiki leaks that underscored her proximity to the deep-pocketed wall street donors. Which of the following can be hypothesized from the above passage?
Assumptions: (1) Mr.Trump and Ms.Clinton are candidates of opponent parties which are fighting for presidential posts. (2) Serious allegations against candidates may affect the polling result. (3) Trade and economy of the country depend on the selection of presidential candidates.

(a) All 1,2and 3 (b) Only 1and 3 (c) Only 2 and 3 (d) Only 1 and 2 (e) None of these

Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: From the behavior and sense of passage we can clearly say that both are candidates of opponent parties and allegations may hinder their image and it may affect the polling result. Trade and economy are not discussed in the above passage. So 3 cannot be assumed.
2. Statement: The median age in developed countries is around 42 years, meaning that half the population is below and half the population is above 42 years old. A report provided by psychologists indicate that 63% of those who seek psychological help in developed countries are below 42 years old. Such evidence clearly indicates that in developed countries psychological problems are more common among people who are younger than 42 years. Which of the following assumptions is implicit in the statement.
Assumptions: 1. the percentage of the population with psychological problems is not significantly higher for developed countries than for other states. 2. One of the primary factors contributing to the development of psychological disorders is the inability to cope with excessive stress resulting from professional activity. 3. Among those with psychological problems in developed countries, the percentage who seek psychological help is not significantly lower for those who are older than 42 than it is for those younger than 42.

(a) None is implicit (b) All are implicit (c) All except 3 is implicit (d) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (e) Only 3 is implicit

Answer: Option (e)
Explanation: The whole argument deals with developed countries, so there is no need to consider how these statistics relates to those in other states. The second choice is irrelevant to the conclusion and therefore can't support its validity. If a lot more of those who are 42+ and troubled simply don't go to see a psychologist, then it could be that an equal or higher percentage of 42+ citizens have problems but just don't seek help.
3. Statement: By asking five prominent hospitals in the national capital to deposit nearly Rs. 600 crore to compensate for their failure to treat poor patients, the government has drawn attention to the social obligation of healthcare providers in the corporate sector as well as the need for timely enforcement of applicable regulations. According to the Delhi government, trust and registered societies to which public land was allotted to establish hospitals were required to earmark a percentage of their medical facilities and services for indigent patients.
Assumptions: 1. This strengthens the case for private hospitals to dedicate a part of their services to those who cannot afford treatment. 2. Social responsibility of hospitals must be monitored and the central government should ensure compliance by the corporate hospitals. 3. There is a great need for the government to monitor and enforce "health services" so that the poor who cannot be afforded modern health facilities that are extremely costly- are able to be benefited.

(a) All are implicit (b) Only 3 is implicit (c) Only 1 is implicit (d) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (e) None is implicit

Answer: Option (c)
Explanation: Such strict actions of Delhi government made private hospitals to serve their services to poor people. So 1 is implicit. but nothing is mentioned about its militarization in the statement. So 2 and 3 are not implicit.
4. Statement: Radio station with radio data system (RDS) technology broadcast special program that only radios with an RDS feature can receive. between 1994 and 1996, the number of RDS radio stations in verdland increased from 250 to 600. However, since the number of RDS-equipped radios in verdland was about the same in 1996 as in 1994, the number of Verlander's receiving the special program information probably did not increase significantly.
Assumptions: 1. Few if any of the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in verdland between 1994 & 1996 broadcast to people with RDS-equipped radios living in areas not previously reached by RDS stations. 2. In 1996 most verdlanders who lived within the listening area of an RDS station already had a radio equipped to receive RDS. 3. Equipping a radio station with RDS technology does not decrease the station with RDS technology does not decrease the stations listening area. 4. In 1996 verdlanders who did not own programming from the RDS radio stations in verdland after 1994. 5. The RDS radio stations in verdland in 1996 did not all after the same type of programming.

(a) Only 2 and 3 follow (b) All follow except 3 (c) None follow except 1 (d) Only 5 and 2 follow (e) None of these

Answer: Option (c)
Explanation: Statement 1 is the valid assumption because the number of RDS radio station increased from 1994 to 1996 so the people with RDS-equipped radios could use RDS technology. Statement 2 is not valid as it says that most verdlanders had a radio equipped to receive RDS and nothing is said about station's listening area and type of programming. Statement 4 can be the conclusion of the passage but not a valid assumption.
Directions(5-6): In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered1 and 2. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.
Give answer

(a) If only assumption 1 is implicit (b) If the only assumption 2 is implicit (c) If either 1 or 2 is implicit (d) If neither 1 and nor 2 is implicit (e) If both 1 and 2 are implicit

5. Statement: World Health Organization has decided to double its assistance to various health programmes in India as per capital expenditure on health in India is very low compared to many other countries.
Assumptions: 1. The enhanced assistance may substantially increase the per-capita expenditure on health in India and bring it on par with other countries. 2. The Government funding is less than adequate to provide medical facilities in India.
Answer: Option (e)
Explanation: The fact that WHO has extended its assistance to India implies that government funding here is not adequate.So, 2 is implicit. Besides, WHO has decided to provide assistance to health programmes in India keeping in mind the considerably low per-capita expenditure on health. so, 1 is also implicit.
6. Statement: "A visit of school children to forest to widen their knowledge of natural resources has been arranged."- A notice in the school.
Assumptions: 1. Forests are full of natural resources. 2. Children are likely to learn from their interaction with the new environment. assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement
Answer: Option (e)
Explanation: The forest shall be visited to increase the knowledge of natural resources. This means that forests abound in natural resources. So, I is implicit. The children are being taken to forests to help them learn more practically. So, 2 is also implicit.
Directions (7-11): In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered 1 and 2.You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.

(a) If only assumption is implicit (b) If only assumption 2 is implicit (c) If either 1 or 2 is implicit (d) If neither 1 nor 2 is implicit (e) If both 1and 2 are implicit

7. Statement: The government has decided to pay compensation to the tune of Rs.1 lakh to the family members of those who are killed in railway accidents.
Assumptions: 1. The government has enough funds to meet the expenses due to compensation. 2. There may be a reduction in incidents of railway accidents in near future.
Answer: Option (a)
Explanation: Clearly, the amount of compensation must have been decided keeping in mind the monetary position of the government. So, 1 is implicit. However, nothing can be said about the frequency of railway accidents in future. So, 2 is not implicit.
8. Statement: "I have not received telephone bills for nine months in spite of several complaints"- A telephone costumer's letter to the editor of a newspaper.
Assumptions: 1. Every customer has a right to get bills regularly from the telephone company. 2. The customer's complaints point to defect in the services which is expected to be corrected.
Answer: Option (e)
Explanation: The customer's eagerness to get the bill makes 1 implicit. Besides, the customer has written to the editor to bring the malfunctioning of the department to public notice. So, 2 is also implicit.
9. Statement: The management of XYZ Pvt. Ltd. asked the worker'union to call off strike immediately otherwise the management would be forced to close down the factory.
Assumptions: 1. No alternative other than closing down the factory is left for the management of XYZ Pvt. Ltd. 2. Such threat may have some effect on the worker's union.
Answer: Option (b)
Explanation: Such a warning is usually given to the workers to threaten them that they would lose their job if they didn't mend their ways. So, only 2 is implicit.
10. Statement: Why don't you go to the court if the employer does not pay you the Provident Fund contribution?
Assumptions: 1. Courts can intervene in matters of dispute between employer and employees. 2.It is obligatory for the employer to pay the Provident Fund contribution to the employees.
Answer: (e)
Explanation: The statement expresses concern over the issue as to when our country would be able to curd terrorism completely. This means that efforts are on and it is quite possible to put an end to terrorist activities although it could longer. So, only 2 is implicit.
11. Statement: Nobody can predict as to how long our country would take to contain the unfortunate and disastrous terrorist activities.
Assumptions: 1.It is impossible to put on end to terrorist activities 2.Efforts to control the terrorist activities are on.
Answer: Option (b)
Explanation: The statement expresses concern over the as to when our country would be able to curd terrorism completely.This means that efforts are on and it is quite possible to put an end to terrorist activities although it could longer. So, only 2 is implicit.

Directions (1-5): In each question below is given a statement followed by three assumptions numbered 1,2 and 3. You have to consider the statement and the following assumption, decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement and choose your answer accordingly.
1. Statement: "Buy pure and natural honey of company X".-An advertisement in a newspaper.
Assumptions: 1. Artificial honey can be prepared. 2. People do not mind paying more for pure and natural honey. 3. No other company supplies pure honey.

(a) Only 1 is implicit (b) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (c) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (d) All are implicit (e) None of these

Answer: Option (a)
Explanation: Artificial honey can be made. That is why the "natural" is mentioned in the advertisement. So, 1 is implicit. No comparison is made of the prices of natural and artificial honey.So, 2 is not implicit. Nothing about the quality of honey of other companies can be deduced.So, 3 is also not implicit.
2. Statement: " A rare opportunity to be a professional while you are at home".-An advertisement for computer literate housewives by a computer company.
Assumptions: 1. Some housewives simultaneously desire to become professional. 2. The computer industry is growing at a fast pace. 3. It is possible to be a professional as well as a housewife.

(a) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (b) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (c) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (d) only 2 is implicit (e) None of these

Answer: Option (c)
Explanation: Clearly, a company would highlight only that feature in its advertisement which people crave for and which it can make possible. So, both 1 and 3 are implicit. Nothing can be deduced about the growth of the computer industry. So, 2 is not implicit.
3. Statement: Everybody loves reading adventure stories.
Assumptions: 1. Adventure stories are the only reading material. 2. Nobody loves reading any other material. 3. All are literate.

(a) None is implicit (b) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (c) All are implicit (d) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (e) None of these

Answer: Option (a )
Explanation: The statement mentions that adventure stories are liked by everybody. This does not mean that there is no other reading material or nobody loves reading any other material. So, neither 1 or 2 is implicit. Besides, everybody in the statement stands for all literate people and not for all people implicit.
4. Statement: An advertisement- Now you can own a new car in just Rs.1,999 per month.
Assumptions: 1. People aspire for owning a car. 2. People do not want to buy used cars. 3. Most people can afford to pay Rs. 1m,999 per month for a new car.

(a) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (b) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (c) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (d) All are implicit (e) None of these

Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: The advertisement has been given seeing the demand for cars. So, 1 is implicit. The advertiesment stresses on "owning a new car". This implies that people would prefer a new car rather than a used one, provided it suits their budget. So, 2 is implicit. The words just 1,999 per month in the statement make 3rd statement implicits.
5. Statement: "Work hard to be successful in the examination".-A advises B.
Assumptions: 1. B listens to A's advice. 2. Passing the examinations is desirable. 3. Hard practice leads to success.

(a) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (b) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (c) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (d) All are implicit (e) None of these

Answer: Option (b)
Explanation: Whether B listens to A's advice or not, is not given in the statement. So, 1 is not implicit. The advice is given on the behavior that should be followed to pass the examination. This shows the necessity to pass the examination. So, 2 is implicit. passing the examination is a form of success to be attained by hard practice. So, 3 is also implicit.
Directions(6-10): In each question below is given a statement followed by three assumptions numbered 1,2 and 3. You have to consider the statement and the following assumption, decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement and choose your answer accordingly.
6. Statement: "If you are intelligent, we are the people for improving your performance".-An advertisement of a coaching institute.
Assumptions: 1. Brilliant student prefers to join coaching classes. 2. Coaching classes help the students to improve their performance. 3. No other institute provides such coaching.

(a) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (b) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (c) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (d) All are implicit (e) None of the above.

Answer: Option (a)
Explanation: Since the advertisement invites "intelligent" students by promising them and improved performance through their exceptional coaching, so both 1 and 2 are implicit. However, nothing can be assumed about other institutes as the given advertisement talks of only a particular institute. So, 3 is not implicit.
7. Statement: India's economic growth has come at a terrible price of increased industrial and vehicular pollution.
Assumptions: 1. Pollution is a part of industrial society. 2. India economic growth is based on only industrial growth. 3. A country desires economic growth with manageable side effects.

(a) Only 1 is implicit (b) Only 2 is implicit (c) Only 3 is implicit (d) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (e) None of these

Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: The statement mentions that India had ti pay the price of increased pollution level to earn its economic growth. So, both 1 and 3 are implicit. However, this does not imply that only industrial growth has brought about India's economic growth. So, 2 is not implicit.
8. Statement: Bill Clinton is the second Democrat to be re-elected as president of America, the other being the legendary Roosevelt.
Assumptions: 1. Clinton has the same qualities that Roosevelt had. 2. The majority of people in America have faith in Clinton 3. The election campaign of Clinton's rivals was not impressive.

(a) Only 1 is implicit (b) Only 2 is implicit (c) Only 3 is implicit (d) Either 1 or 3 is implicit (e) Either 2 or 3 is implicit

Answer: Option (b)
Explanation: The statement simply mentions that Clinton and Roosevelt were the only two persons who were re-elected as president of America. But this does not imply that they were liked by the public for the same reasons or qualities. So, 2 is implicit. Nothing about the reasons of Clinton's victory or the election campaign of Clinton's rivals can be assumed from the given statement. So, 3 is not implicit.
9. Statement: "Use Riya cold cream for complexion".- An advertisement.
Assumptions: 1. People like to use a cream for fair complexion. 2. People are easily fooled. 3. People respond to advertisements.

(a) Only 1 is implicit. (b) Only 1 and 2 are implicit. (c) Only 2 is implicit. (d) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (e) None of these

Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: Assumption 1 follows from the statement and so it is implicit. 2 is vague and so it is not implicit. Also, advertisements are given with the hope that people would know the qualities of the product and buy it. So, 3 is implicit.
10. Statement: 'Several labor and industrial courts in this state have no proper premises. Vacancies of judges and stenos are kept pending'.- A statement of a retired judge of state X.
Assumptions: 1. An adequate number of staff and judges helps in the smooth functioning of the industrial and labor courts. 2. The state is not bothered about the condition of the labor and industrial courts. 3. Physical facilities of an office help in increasing the efficiency of its employees

(a) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (b) Only 2 is implicit (c) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (d) All 1, 2 and 3 are implicit (e) None of these

Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: The statement expresses grave concern over the lack of proper premises and inadequate staff in labor and industrial courts and a proper office only can ensure their smooth functioning. So, both 1 and 3 are implicit. The lack of facilities to the courts also indicates the state's negligent attitude to the condition of the courts. So, 2 is also implicit.

Directions(1-5): In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered 1 and 2. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.
Given answer:

(a) If only assumption 1 is implicit (b) If only assumption 2 is implicit (c) If either 1 or 2 is implicit (d) If neither 1 nor 2 is implicit (e) If both 1 and 2 are implicit.

1. Statement: "It has become a necessity to computerize all the function of our institute to maintain the present position".- A statement of our director of XYZ institute.
Assumptions: 1. Unless computerized, the institute will fall behind the race. 2. The functions of the institute are too complex to be handled manually.
Answer: Option (e)
Explanation: The Director asserts that computerization is essential to maintain the present state of affairs in future. This means that the institute will lag behind in the absence of computerization. This, in turn, implies that the functions of the institute are two cumbersome and time-consuming and can be handled in time only through the computer. So, both 1 and 2 are implicit.
2. Statement: The product X that you have asked for is to not with us but can be made available against the firm order from you.
Assumptions: 1. The product X is not in great demand. 2. The product X is out of stock as a new model is coming up.
Answer: Option (a)
Explanation: The statement mentions that the seller does not keep product X in ready stock and intends to provide the sand only against a confirmed order from the customer. So, 1 is implicit. However, 2 appears to be vague in this context.
3. Statement: If you an engineer, we have a challenging job for you.
Assumptions: 1. we need an engineer. 2. You are an engineer.
Answer: Option (a)
Explanation: Clearly, job is offered to an engineer. This means that he is needed.So, 1 is implicit. The word 'IF' in the statement makes 2 not implicit.
4. Statement: The multinational fast chains are opening up a large number of plus coffee shops with piped modern music in different cities of India and these are serving various breakfasts (Snax) with coffee.
Assumptions: 1. A large number of people may become regular customers of these coffee shops. 2. The people will like to enjoy a comfortable environment while drinking coffee with snax.
Answer: Option (e)
Explanation: The concept of plus coffee shops has been attracted to draw in more customers by providing a calm, soothing, musical environment along with a wide variety of breakfast. So, both 1 and 2 are implicit.
5. Statement: The goverment has decided to hold the employers responsible for deducting tax at source for all its employees.
Assumptions: 1. The employer may still not arrange to deduct tax at source for its employees. 2. The employees may not allow the employers to deduct tax at source.
Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: Such decisions are implemented by the goverment as laws, which are binding on both the employers and employee. So, neither 1 nor 2 is implicit.
Directions(6-7): In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered 1 and 2. Consider the statement and decide which of the given assumptions is implicit.
Given answer:

(a) If only assumption 1 is implicit (b) If only assumotion 2 is implicit (c) If either 1 or 2 is implicit (d) If neither 1 nor 2 is implicit (e) If both 1 and 2 are implicit.

6. Statement: Even with the increase in the number of sugar factories in India, we still continue to import sugar.
Assumptions: 1. The consumption of sugar per capita has increased in India. 2. Many of the factories are not in a position to produce sugar to their fullest capacity.
Answer: Option (e)
Explanation: Clearly, the need to import sugar could be due to both increase in consumptions and the inefficiency of the factories to prodece sugar to their fullent capacity. So, both 1 and 2 are implicit.
7. Statement: We must settle all the payment due to our suppliers within three working days.
Assumptions: 1. We will always have the necessary funds in our account to settle the bills. 2. We are capable of verifying and clearing the bills in less than three working days.
Answer: Option (e)
Explanation: Since the statement talks of making all payments within three days, it is evident that the company has the necessary funds and the bills can be verified and cleared within the stipulated time. So, both 1 and 2 are implicit.
Directions(8-10): In each question below is given a statement followed by three assumptions numbered 1,2 and 3. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions, decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement and choose your answer accordingly.
8. Statement: Items in big showrooms in main markets are costlier than similar items in small shops.
Assumptions: 1. Items in small shops are never reliable. 2. Persons managing big showrooms are cheaters. 3. Maintenance of big showrooms is an expensive affair in itself, hence the prices are little higher.

(a) None is implicit (b) Only 1 is implicit (c) Only 2 is implicit (d) Only 3 is implicit (e) Either 2 or 3 is implicit

Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: Clearly, only 3 difines the correct essence of the statement and hence is implicit.
9. Statement: In spite of the heavy rains traffic has not been disrupted this year.
Assumptions: 1. The traffic is disrupted in rainy seasons only. 2. Rains do not affect traffic movement. 3. Adequate precautions were taken for traffic management during the rainy season.

(a) Only 1 is implicit (b) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (c) Only 3 is implicit (d) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (e) None is implicit

Answer: Option (c) The statement expresses surprise at the traffic situation remaining normal even after rains. This means that rains affect traffic. So, 2 is not implicit. But this does not mean that only rains affect traffic. So, 1 is also not implicit. Since the traffic was not affected during rains as expected, so 3 is implicit.
10. Statement: The situation of this area still continues to be tense and out of control. People are requested to be in their homes only.
Assumptions: 1. There had been some serious incidents. 2. People will not go to the office. 3. Normalcy will be restored shortly.

(a) Only 1 is implicit (b) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (c) None is implicit (d) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (e) All are implicit

Answer: Option (b)
Explanation: The statement mentions that situation in the area is tence. So, 1 is implicit. Since people have been requested not to go out and remain in homes for safety, so 2 is implicit. It cannot be inferred when the normalcy will be restored. So, 3 is not implicit.

Directions(1-2): In each question below is given a statement followed by three assumptions numbered 1, 2 and 3.You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions, decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement and choose your answer accordingly.
1. Statement: The employee's association has appealed to the managers of company Z to introduce written examinations for clerical cadre recruitment to prevent selection of incompetent persons.
Assumptions: 1. So far the company Z used to select candidates without conducting a written examination. 2. A written examination can help to identify competent persons. 3. At a higher level, a written examination may not be of much use.

(a) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (b) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (c) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (d) Only 3 is implicit (e) None of these

Answer: Option (a)
Explanation: An appeal has been made to 'introduce' written examination. This means that so far written examination was not conducted. So, 1 is implicit. 2 follows directly from the statement and so it is implicit. However, nothing can be deduced about the mode of selection at a higher level. So, 3 is not implicit
2. Statement: These apples are too cheap to be good.
Assumptions: 1. When the apple crop is abundant, the prices go down. 2. the lower the selling price, the inferior is the quality of the commodity. 3. Very cheap apples are also good.

(a) None is implicit (b) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (c) Only 2 is implicit (d) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (e) All are implicit

Answer: Option (c)
Explanation: It is mentioned that the apples are so cheap that they cannot be good. This means that the prices of good apples are never too low and that very cheap apple are never good. So, neither 1 nor 3 are implicit. Assumptions 2 clearly follows from the statement that apples are of inferior quality because they are cheap. So, it is implicit.
Directions(3-4): In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered 1 and 2. Consider the statement and decide which of the given assumptions is implicit.
Given answer:

(a) If only assumption 1 is implicit (b) If only assumption 2 is implicit (c) If either 1 or 2 is implicit (d) If neither 1 nor 2 is implicit (e) If both 1 and 2 are implicit

3. Statement: "If you ask me about the daunting challenges that I face, I would say that my government's first priority is to improve the existing law and order situation.then follows the issue of prices of commodities". Mr.Roy, a newly appointed PM of country CLINTON
Assumptions: 1. If a citizen of country CLINTON can sleep peacefully, he/she can then thick of providing food to his/her family, ponder over education and move about freely in the country. 2. Prices of the commodities affect the common man greatly.
Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: 1 is not implicit. 2 is not implicit because the PM only assumes that law and order affect the common man more than prices do.
4. Statement: "If you have any unresolved consumer disputes, do not feel that you are helpless, do not hesitate to assert your rights. Approach the district consumer forum for speedy redressal". -Department of consumer affairs
Assumptions: 1. People don't want to approach consumer forum due to the red-tapism in the procedure adopted by the forum. 2. Speedy redressal will attract more unresolved consumer disputes.
Answer: Option (b)
Explanation: Assumption 2 is implicit
5. Statement: Many countries stockpile nuclear weapons in their armory. These weapons are built to serve more as deterrents to enemy nuclear nations than as potential weapons to be used in case of a war erupting between two nations possessing nuclear weapons. It is clear that no country possessing nuclear weapons would risk using them against an enemy nation having nuclear weapons for fear of retaliation. Which of the following is an assumption in the conclusion that no nuclear country would use nuclear weapons in a war against its enemy country for fear of reprisal?

(a) In a war between two nuclear nations, third nations possessing nuclear weapons will not interfere. (b) Nuclear weapons can cause more havoc than a traditional weapon. (c) No nation possesses a nuclear device which when deployed can destroy at the nuclear weapons of another country at one stroke. (d) World opinion is always against the use of nuclear weapons in a war. (e) None of these.

Answer: Option (c)
Explanation: Choice (c) is the correct assumption. (a) and (d) is incorrect as nothing is mentioned about the world's opinion about nuclear weapons and about a third nation in the passage.
6. Statement: The ancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurs, yet surprisingly few of their skeletons show the usual evidence of this disease. The skeletons do show deposits of tetracycline, an antibiotic produced by a bacterium common in Nubian soil. This bacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of Nubian diet, beer, and bread. Thus, tetracycline in their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians. Which of the following is an assumption can be drawn from the passage? 1. Infectious diseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians were exposed are unaffected by tetracycline. 2. Tetracycline cannot be rendered infective as an antibiotic by exposure to the process involved in making bread and beer. 3. Typhus cannot be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with the infectious agents of this disease. 4. Bread and beer were the only items in the diet of the ancients Nubians which could have contained tetracycline. 5. Typhus is generally fatal.

(a) None follows except 2 (b) Only 3 and 5 follow (c) Only 3 follow (d) All follow except 1 (e) None of these

Answer: Option (a)
Explanation: Statement 2 is the valid assumption as tetracycline is produced by a bacterium which is found in Nubians soil and the bacterium can develop on the grain which is used in making bread and beers. So tetracycline is formed through the process of making of bread and beer. Statement 1 is not valid because nothing is said in the passage about because Typhus is a disease and the statement talks about the contamination of a disease which is wrong in the context of this passage. Statement 4 and 5 are invalid as No information is given in the passage that bread and beer were their only items in the diet and also about Typhus is fatal or not.
7. Statement: The increase in the number of newspaper articles exposed as fabrications serves to bolster the contention that publishers are more interested in boosting circulation than in printing the truth. Even minor publications have the staff to check such obvious fraud. Which of the following may be the assumption of the given argument?

(a) Newspaper stories exposed as fabrications are a recent phenomenon. (b) Everything a newspaper print must be factually verifiable. (c) Fact checking is more comprehensive for minor publications than for major ones. (d) The publishers of newspapers are the people who decided what to print in their newspapers. (e) None of the above.

Answer: Option (b)
Explanation: The exposed articles by the publication must be verified so that the authentic and original content can publish.so statement (b) is the correct assumption. Statement (c) cannot be assumed as verification of content does not depend upon minor or major publications. Statement (d) is not the correct assumption because it is given that publishers are more interested in boosting circulation but it cannot be assumed that publishers are the persons who decide the content of the newspapers.
Directions(8-12): In each question below is given a statement followed by three assumptions numbered 1,2 and 3. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions, decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement and choose your answer accordingly.
8. Statement: The Central Government has directed the state governments to reduce Government expenditure in view of the serious resource crunch and it may not be able to sanction any additional grant to the states for the next six months.
Assumptions: 1. The State Governments are totally dependent on central government for its expenditure. 2. The Central Government has reviewed the expenditure account of the State Government. 3. The State Governments will abide by the directive.

(a) None is implicit (b) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (c) Only 3 is implicit (d) All are implicit (e) None of these

Answer: Option (b)
Explanation: Nothing about the sources of income of the State Government is mentioned in the statement. So, 1 is implicit. Since the Central Government has directed the State Governments to reduce expenditure, so 2 is implicit. Further, since the central government has refused any further grant to the State Governments for the next six months, it is quite clear that these Governments will abide by the directive. So, 3 is also implicit.
9. Statement: The school authority decided to open a summer school this year in the school compound for the students in the age range of 7-14 years.
Assumptions: 1. All the students will attend the summer school. 2. All the parents will prefer to remain in the city than going out of town for enabling their children to attend the summer school. 3. Those who cannot afford to go out of station will send their children to summer school

(a) None is implicit (b) Only 2 is implicit (c) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (d) Only 3 is implicit (e) All are implicit

Answer: Option (a)
Explanation: The statement talks of the policy of opening a summer school. But the response of the children and their parents cannot be deduced from it. So none is implicit.
10. Statement: The address of the principal to the student, "Dear students, if you want a healthy mind, listen to music".
Assumptions: 1. Normally students like to follow good advice. 2. It is desirable to develop a healthy mind. 3. It is the duty of the principal to advise the student.

(a) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (b) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (c) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (d) None is implicit (e) none of these

Answer: Option (a)
Explanation: The principal has advised the students regarding their welfare. This implies that students like to follow good advice. So, 1 is implicit. Since the principal stresses on having 'a healthy mind,' it implies that student desire for the same. So2 is implicit. However, the principal has given the advice out of deep concern for his students and not because it is his duty. So, 3 is implicit.
11. Statement: The economic condition continues to be critical even after a good harvest season.
Assumptions: 1. The economic condition was not critical before the harvest season 2. The economic condition was expected to improve without a good harvest season. 3. The economic condition was expected to improve after good harvest season.

(a) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (b) Only 2 is implicit (c) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (d) Only 3 is implicit (e) Only 1 and 3 are implicit

Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: It is mentioned that 'the economic condition continues to be critical'. This means that it was critical before the harvest season also. So, 1 is not implicit. Also, the statement does not imply that only a good harvest season, could improve the economic condition. So, 2 is implicit. However, since a surprise has been expressed over the condition being critical even after a good harvest season, it means that it was expected to improve after a good harvest season, so, 3 is implicit.
12. Statement: An advertisement of Bank X - "Want to open a bank account! Just dial our 'home service' and we will come to your doorsteps".
Assumptions: 1. No other bank make available service at the doorstep of the customer. 2. People may choose Bank X for their financial transactions. 3. Nowadays banking has become very competitive.

(a) Only 1 and 2 are implicit (b) Only 2 and 3 are implicit (c) Only 1 and 3 are implicit (d) All are implicit (e) None of these

Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: The advertisement seeks to attract people to open their account in Bank X by promising them service at their doorstep but the comparison is made with other banks, so 1 is not implicit. Also, the advertisement seeks to impress upon the people's minds how simple it has become to open an account. This may attract more account holders to Bank X. So, 2 is implicit. Further, providing banking services at home means that banking has become so competitive that door-to=door service is being provided.

1. Statement: Clive is a great fan of P.G. Wodehouse, a great writer of humorous novels, and he has read all the novels written by the author. It shows that Clive is a jovial person and does not take things very seriously in his personal life. Which of the following must be the most important assumption in drawing the above conclusion?

(a) P.G. Wodehouse does not write serious novels. (b) Literary choices reflect the personal attitude of a person. (c) Clive has not met with any major adversities in his personal life. (d) The society in which Clive lives likes his jovial (e) None of thesae

Answer: Option (b)
Explanation: If the nature of the novels preferred by a person reflects his nature then the conclusion is properly drawn.(b) is the correct choice. (a) and (c) cannot be assumed. (d) is irrelevant to the argument.
2. Statement: The number of surgeons in the country has registered a two-fold increase in the past three years. However, due to the advent of non-invasive medical treatments, the total number of surgeries performed has also come down drastically. This is bound to lead to a significant decline in surgical skills of surgeons. Which of the following is an assumption in the above arguments?

(a) Of late people prefer non-invasive medical treatments to surgeries. (b) surgeons by and large are reluctant to use methods other than surgery, for treating the patients. (c) The general health condition of the people has improved so much that diseases or physical disabilities warranting surgical operations have come down in number (d) Constantly performing surgeries alone can keep the surgical skill of surgeons intact. (e) None of these.

Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: As it is suggested that surgical skill will suffer a decline on account of the fall in the number of surgeries, so (d) is the correct answer because a constant practice is a way for continuous growth. (a) concern non-invasive methods. (b) is not an assumption. As the arguments are not about why the number of surgeries has come down, (c) is incorrect.
3. Statement: Energy consumption involves the release of greenhouse gases resulting in global warming. Hence, it is the contention of the under-developed nation that the economically developed countries must make a higher contribution to funds constituted towards taking measures to fight global warming. Which of the following is an assumption in the above arguments?

(a) Developed nation is rich and hence can contribute more liberally to funds required for fighting global warming. (b) Energy consumption varies directly as the economic status of a nation. (c) Fighting global warming needs huge funds which can be contributed only by the developed nations. (d) Global warming is an issue of concern to all -especially the economically developed nations. (e) None of these.

Answer: Option (b)
Explanation: Eenrgy consumption leads to global warming. (b) is the correct assumption because developed nations have more industries and more work power who can consume energy so the energy consumption is directly more in developed countries. (c) only talk of the affordability. (d) is not an assumption.
Directions(4-6): In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered 1 and 2. Consider the statement and decide which of the given assumptions is implicit.
Given answer:

(a) If only assumption 1 is implicit (b) If only assumption 2 is implicit (c) If either 1 or 2 is implicit (d) If neither 1 nor 2 is implicit (e) If both 1 and 2 are implicit

4. Statement: It is faster to travel by air to Delhi from Bangalore.
Assumptions: 1. Bangalore and Delhi are connected by air. 2. There are no other means of transport available to Delhi from Bangalore.
Answer: Option (a)
Explanation: The statement advises to travel by air between the two cities. So, 1 is implicit. Besides, it air transport being a faster means of travel. This means that other means of transport, slower than air transport, are avaiable. so, 2 is not implicit.
5. Statement: Bank 'A' has announced a reduction of half percentage on the interest rate on retail leading with immediate effect.
Assumptions: 1. Other banks may also reduce the retail lending rates to be in competition. 2. Bank 'A' may be able to attract more customers for availing the retail loan.
Answer: Option (b)
Explanation: Reducing interest rate on loans is surely a step to draw in more customers. But the implications of such a policy on other banks cannot be ascertained, as interest rate is not the only criterion to lure customers. So, only 2 is implicit.
6. Statement: A foreign film producer rendered his apology before Indian society for misinterpreting a part of India epic.
Assumptions: 1. Indian are very sencitive to the misinterpretation of their epic. 2. It is possible to derive wrong meaning from epic.
Answer: Option (e)
Explanation: From the content of the statement it is clear that both the assumption are implicit in the statement.
7. Statement: It has been made mandatory by law for auditoriums where people assemble to be provided with an emergency exit, apart from the usual exit gates, if the capacity of the hall is a hundred or more. Which of the following must be an assumption by the lawmakers while enacting the above mandate?

(a) No accidents can occur in auditoriums with capacities less than hundred resulting in human causalities. (b) In case of an emergency, such as a fire, people become unruly which leads to a stampede and unnecessary causality. (c) when the number of people assembled in a hall is less than a hundred, it should be possible for them to make safe exits through available gates. (e) None of these.

Answer: Option (d)
Explanation: (d) gives the possible assumption of the law makers- that when the number of people is less than 100, it is possible for them to exit safely through available gates. (c) goes further to show how the stampede is avoided which is not an assumption made.