I. The crop leftover includes large quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulphur.
II. During stubble burning, organic carbon is also burned.
III. Parali provides a good source to fulfill crop nutrient demands and maintain soil fertility.
IV. Such nutrients also minimize the danger of cancer in Punjab by lowering the rates of carcinogens in soil.

Benefits for farmers –
i. Farmers’ specific advantages include:

a) Sparing planning and sowing time in the field for 7 to 10 days.
b) The decrease in the use of weedicides by 50-70% and
c) Limit the need for irrigation by 40%.

ii. Stubble reuse can lower weedicide consumption by 70% and water consumption by 40%.
iii. Reprocessing rice straw back into the soil may take place.

a) This enables to prevent the emission of fine particles into the air.
b) It provides the soil with nutrients.

iv. Reduces the total costs of production.

A. Cost vs. possible advantages of various methods remains unclear among farmers.
B. Absence of managing and significant-time assistance for acts relevant to their field, soil type, etc.
C. Absence of farmer consultation facilities at the right time to give the correct knowledge input.
D. Also, a key obstacle is the absence of accessibility to agricultural equipment for in-situ straw handling.

• For this purpose, farmers’ cooperatives, farmers’ associations and local structures such as panchayats can be developed.
• Skilled government officials and volunteers could participate in mass awareness campaigns in target districts.
• Vocational training will also significantly favor farmers.

Role of government

• Towards this goal, the state must interfere and involve established processes such as MNREGA.
• The Centre should permit states to provide in MNREGA activities such as harvesting and composting. It’s been a request of many states for many years.
• To produce high-grade compost, Parali can be combined with cow dung and decrease air pollution in North India.

Chhattisgarh model

• Gauthans are established in Chhattisgarh to fix this problem.
• A gauthan is a five-acre assigned plot shared by each village.
• All leftover parali is obtained by contributions from people and transformed by rural youth into organic fertilizer. It grants them a living.
• The government mainly encourages the transport of parali to the nearby gauthan from the farm.

Integrated regenerative rural development model

It includes the restoration of rivers, preservation of animals, composting, and kitchen garden which use MNREGA via a representational system.

Agriculture mechanization

• In 2018, the government introduced a mechanization program for agriculture.
• This program offered a subsidy to buy the necessary equipment like Happy Seeders, zero till, mulcher, etc.
• The subsidy policy should be expanded to create widespread utilization of mechanization beyond 2020.
• The policy can be merged with banking and NABARD schemes to enable credit connections and decrease the burden of machine advance payment by farmers.
• Furthermore, all suggested machines must be incorporated in the subsidy program, providing farmers different choices based on the activity they choose.

Super Straw Management System (SSMS) –
SSMS-fitted combine implies that any loose straw thrown on the field and plant wheat is also trimmed and uniformly scattered.

Ex-situ management

• Once paddy is substituted with potato or vegetable crops, farmers choose to take the straw out of the fields rather than composting or combining them.
• Ex-situ straw management provides choices for small scale or large scale commercial use of crop leftovers.
• Compost, biogas, fodder, fertilizers, fuel, fiberboards are the main components.
• R&D is needed for the whole straw market and could establish rural startups’ business designs.
• Corporations, government departments, state universities, farmers’ groups, and volunteers should properly promote this.
• The government should support the application of ex-situ straw machines.

Role of the Supreme Court

• A committee of economists, agricultural experts, farmer delegates, and bureaucrats should be established by the Supreme Court.
• This committee has to analyze the parali burning problem and discuss opportunities for the development of schemes such as MNREGA for harvesting and composting.
• A societal involvement that utilizes traditional knowledge and available resources and helped by governmental backing can improve this national issue.